Na U Hloka Matla a AC kapa a DC? Tataiso e Pharalletseng ea ho Khetha Mofuta oa Hona Joale o Nepahetseng

Lefatšeng la rona le nang le motlakase, ho utloisisa hore na u hloka matla a Alternating Current (AC) kapa Direct Current (DC) ke ntho ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ho matlafatsa lisebelisoa hantle, ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng, le ka mokhoa o baballang. Tataiso ena e tebileng e hlahloba liphapano tsa bohlokoa lipakeng tsa AC le DC, lits'ebetso tsa tsona, le mokhoa oa ho tseba hore na ke mofuta ofe oa hajoale o loketseng litlhoko tsa hau tse ikhethang.

Ho utloisisa AC le DC Matla

Liphapang Tsa Motheo

Waveform Papiso

• AC: Sine wave (e tloaelehileng), square wave, kapa modified sine wave
• DC: Flat line voltage (pulsed DC e teng bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse ling)

Ha U hlile U Hloka Matla a AC

1. Lisebelisoa tsa Lehae

Malapa a mangata a fumana matla a AC hobane:

• Meaho ea motheo ea lefa: E etselitsoe AC ho tloha Ntoeng ea Currents
• Tšebelisano ea Transformer: Ho bonolo ho fetola motlakase
• Ts'ebetso ea makoloi: Li-motors tsa AC induction li bonolo / li theko e tlase

Lisebelisoa tse hlokang AC:

• Lihatsetsi
• Li-conditioner
• Mechini ea ho hlatsoa
• Mabone a incandescent
• Lisebelisoa tsa motlakase tsa setso

2. Lisebelisoa tsa Indasteri

Lifeme li itšetlehile ka AC bakeng sa:

• Matla a mekhahlelo e meraro(bosebetsi bo phahameng)
• Li-motor tse kholo(taolo e bonolo haholoanyane ea lebelo)
• Kabo ea sebaka se selelele

Mehlala:

• Lipompompo tsa indasteri
• Litsamaiso tsa conveyor
• Li-compressor tse kholo
• Lisebelisoa tsa mochini

3. Litsamaiso tsa Grid-Tied

Matla a ts'ebeliso ke AC hobane:

• Litahlehelo tse tlase tsa phetisetso ka motlakase o phahameng
• Phetoho e bonolo ea motlakase
• Tšebelisano ea jenereithara

Ha Matla a DC a le Bohlokoa

1. Lisebelisoa tsa Elektronike

Lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tsa sejoale-joale li hloka DC hobane:

• Li-semiconductors li hloka motlakase o tsitsitseng
• Litlhoko tsa nako e nepahetseng
• Karolo ea polarity sensitivity

Lisebelisoa tse tsamaisoang ke DC:

• Li-smartphone/laptops
• Lebone la LED
• Lik'homphieutha/li-server
• Lisebelisoa tsa elektronike tsa likoloi
• Li-implants tsa bongaka

2. Lisebelisoa tsa Matla a Tsosolositsoeng

Liphanele tsa letsatsi ka tlhaho li hlahisa DC:

• Lisebelisoa tsa letsatsiMatla: 30-600V DC
• Libetri: Boloka matla a DC
• Libetri tsa EVMatla: 400-800V DC

3. Mekhoa ea Lipalangoang

Likoloi li sebelisa DC bakeng sa:

• Li-motor tse qalang(12V/24V)
• EV powertrains(high-voltage DC)
• Avionics(ts'epehi)

4. Mehala ea puisano

Melemo ea DC:

• Tšebelisano ea bekapo ea betri
• Ha ho khokahano ea maqhubu
• Matla a hloekileng bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse hlokolosi

Lintlha tsa Bohlokoa tsa Qeto

1. Litlhoko tsa Sesebelisoa

Sheba:

• Kenya li-label ho lisebelisoa
• Liphetho tsa adaptara ea matla
• Litlhaloso tsa moetsi

2. Mohloli oa Matla o Fumaneha

Nahana ka:

• Matla a grid (hangata a AC)
• Betri/solar (hangata DC)
• Mofuta oa jenereithara

3. Mehopolo ea Bohole

• Sebaka se selelele: AC e sebetsa hantle haholoanyane
• Sebaka se sekgutshwane: DC hangata e betere

4. Phetoho e Molemo

Phetoho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e lahleheloa ke matla a 5-20%:

• AC→DC (tokiso)
• DC→AC (phetolelo)

Phetoho Pakeng tsa AC le DC

Phetoho ea AC ho DC

Mekhoa:

1. Li-rectifiers
   • Half-wave (e bonolo)
   • Leqhubu le felletseng (le sebetsa hantle haholoanyane)
   • Borokho (bo tloaelehileng haholo)
2. Phepelo ea Matla a Mokhoa o Fetotsoeng
   • E sebetsa hantle haholo (85-95%)
   • E bobebe/e nyane

Phetoho ea DC ho AC

Mekhoa:

1. Li-inverters
   • Sine wave e fetotsoeng (e theko e tlaase)
   • Pure sine wave (e sireletsehileng ea elektronike)
   • Grid-tie (bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa letsatsi)

Mekhoa e Hlahang ea Phano ea Matla

1. Li-Microgrid tsa DC

Melemo:

• Litahlehelo tse fokotsehileng tsa phetoho
• Khokahano e betere ea letsatsi/betri
• E sebetsa hantle haholoanyane bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tsa sejoale-joale

2. Phatlalatso e Phahameng ea Motlakase oa DC

Melemo:

• Litahlehelo tse tlase libakeng tse telele haholo
• Lisebelisoa tsa cable ka tlas'a leoatle
• Ho kopanya matla a tsosolositsoeng

3. Phano ea Matla a USB

E atolosetsa ho:

• Matla a phahameng (ho fihla ho 240W)
• Lisebelisoa tsa lapeng/ofisi
• Litsamaiso tsa likoloi

Mehopolo ea Tšireletseho

Likotsi tsa AC

• Kotsi e kholo ea ho tšoha ho bolaeang
• Arc flash likotsi
• E hloka li-insulation tse eketsehileng

DC Likotsi

• Li-arcs tse tsitsitseng
• Likotsi tsa nako e khuts'oane ea betri
• Tšenyo e nang le polarity

Litšenyehelo Papiso

Litšenyehelo tsa ho Kenya

Litšenyehelo tsa Ts'ebetso

• DC hangata e sebetsa hantle haholo (liphetoho tse fokolang)
• Lisebelisoa tsa AC li thehiloe haholoanyane

Mokhoa oa ho Fumana Litlhoko Tsa Hao

Bakeng sa Beng ba Matlo

1. Lisebelisoa tse tloaelehileng: AC
2. Tsa elektroniki: DC (e fetotsoe ka sesebelisoa)
3. Lisebelisoa tsa letsatsi: Ka bobeli (moloko oa DC, kabo ea AC)

Bakeng sa Likhoebo

1. Liofisi: Haholo-holo AC e nang le lihlekehleke tsa DC
2. Litsi tsa data: E fetela kabong ea DC
3. Indasteri: Hangata AC e nang le li-control tsa DC

Bakeng sa Lisebelisoa tsa Mohala / Remoutu

1. RVs/likepeE kopane (AC ka inverter ha ho hlokahala)
2. Likamore tse kantle ho grid: DC-centric e nang le bekapo ea AC
3. Lisebelisoa tsa masimong: Ka tloaelo DC

Bokamoso ba Kabo ea Matla

Sebaka se ntseng se tsoela pele se fana ka maikutlo a:

• Marang-rang a mangata a lehae a DC
• Sistimi ea Hybrid AC/DC
• Li-converter tse bohlale tse laolang ka bobeli
• Khokahano ea DC ea koloi ho ea ho grid

Likhothaletso tsa Setsebi

Nako ea ho Khetha AC

• Ho matlafatsa li-motor / lisebelisoa tsa setso
• Sistimi e hokahaneng le grid
• Ha tumellano ea lefa e bohlokoa

Nako ea ho Khetha DC

• Lisebelisoa tsa elektronike
• Litsamaiso tsa matla a tsosolositsoeng
• Ha katleho e le ea bohlokoa

Litharollo tsa Hybrid

Nahana ka litsamaiso tse latelang:

• Sebelisa AC ho aba
• Fetolela ho DC sebakeng sa heno
• Fokotsa mehato ea ho sokoloha

Liphoso Tse Tloaelehileng Tseo U Lokelang ho li Qoba

1. Ho nka hore lisebelisoa tsohle li sebelisa AC
   • Lisebelisoa tse ngata tsa sejoale-joale li hloka DC
2. Ho hlokomolohile tahlehelo ea phetoho
   • Phetoho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea AC / DC e senya matla
3. Ho hlokomoloha litlhoko tsa motlakase
   • Bapisa mefuta ea hona joale LE voltage
4. Ho hlokomoloha litekanyetso tsa polokeho
   • Liprothokholo tse fapaneng tsa AC vs DC

Mehlala e Sebetsang

Sistimi ea letsatsi ea lapeng

1. DC: Liphanele tsa letsatsi → selaoli sa ho tjhaja → libeteri
2. AC: Inverter → lipotoloho tsa malapa
3. DC: Li-adapter tsa matla a sesebelisoa

Koloi ea Motlakase

1. DC: Betri ea ho hula → molaoli oa motlakase
2. AC: Chaja e ka hare (bakeng sa ho tjhaja ka AC)
3. DC: 12V tsamaiso ka DC-DC converter

Setsi sa Boitsebiso

1. AC: Kenyelletso ea matla a utility
2. DC: Phetoho ea matla a seva
3. Bokamoso: Kabo e ka bang teng ka kotloloho ea 380V DC

Qetello: Ho Etsa Khetho e Nepahetseng

Ho khetha hore na o hloka matla a AC kapa a DC ho ipapisitse le:

1. Litlhoko tsa lisebelisoa tsa hau
2. Mehloli e teng ea matla
3. Mehopolo ea bohole
4. Litlhoko tsa katleho
5. scalability nakong e tlang

Le ha AC e ntse e le eona e ka sehloohong bakeng sa kabo ea grid, DC e ntse e tsoela pele ho ba bohlokoa bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa sejoale-joale tsa elektroniki le lisebelisoa tsa matla tse nchafalitsoeng. Litharollo tse sebetsang haholo hangata li kenyelletsa:

• AC bakeng sa phetiso ea matla a sebaka se selelele
• DC bakeng sa kabo ea lehae ha ho khoneha
• Ho fokotsa liphetoho lipakeng tsa tse peli

Ha thekenoloji e ntse e fetoha, re ntse re lebile ho litsamaiso tse kopaneng tse laolang mefuta ea hajoale ka bohlale. Ho utloisisa lintlha tsena tsa motheo ho netefatsa hore o etsa liqeto tse nepahetseng ka matla hore na o rala sesebelisoa sa letsatsi, ho aha setsi sa indasteri kapa ho tjhaja smartphone ea hau feela.